Friday, January 24, 2025

HOW TO CREATE A FOLDER BY MOHAMMED ZAINAB

 

HOW TO CREATE A FOLDER

WHAT IS A FOLDER



            A folder is also known as a directory, is a container used to store and organize files, documents, and other digital content on a computer or mobile device.

We use the folder for several reasons.

1.     It is used for organization: for organizing folders in different structure and categories.

2.     Time saving: it saves time by helping to quickly locate specific files and documents.

3.     Accessibility: folders provides easy access to files and documents.

4.     Quick sharing: folders enable quick sharing of files and documents to others.

We use a folder in different situations

          1. Business and finance.

          2.Education and research.

          3. Everyday life.

          4. Personal and professional tasks.

          5. Archiving old files.

          6. Backing up data.

          7. Sharing files etc.

         

                          HOW TO CREATE A FOLDER

ON WINDOWS CREATING A FOLDER

1.     On your desktop screen

2.     Navigate to the location where you want to create folder.

1.     Right click on an empty area.


1.     Select ‘New’


 

1.     Select folder


1.      Type the name of your folder and press Enter. Then you have created a folder.

Adding files on a folder

1.     Open file explorer

2.     Navigate to the folder you want to add to.

3.     Drag and drop/copy the files in the folder.

4.     Right click on the file and select move to and choose a folder.

 

RENAMING A FOLDER

1 open file explorer

2 Navigate to the folder you want to rename

3 Right click on the folder

4 Select rename

5 Type the name of the new folder and press Enter.

 



 


Computer Memory - Aisha Isiaq

 

What is Computer Memory?

Computer memory is just like the human brain. It is used to store data/information and instructions. It is a data storage unit or a data storage device where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored. It can store both the input and output can be stored here.

Memory is volatile, which means that data is only kept temporarily in memory. Data saved in volatile memory is automatically destroyed when a computing device is turned off. When you save a file, it is sent to secondary memory for storage.

Types of Computer Memory

In general, computer memory is of three types:

1.     Primary memory

2.     Secondary memory

3.     Cache memory

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1. Primary Memory

It is also known as the main memory of the computer system. It is used to store data and programs or instructions during computer operations. It uses semiconductor technology and hence is commonly called semiconductor memory. Primary memory is of two types:

 

       I.            RAM (Random Access Memory): It is a volatile memory. Volatile memory stores information based on the power supply. If the power supply fails/ interrupted/stopped, all the data and information on this memory will be lost. RAM is used for booting up or start the computer. It temporarily stores programs/data which has to be executed by the processor. 


RAM is of two types:

 S RAM (Static RAM) and D RAM (Dynamic RAM)

 

 

       I.            ROM (Read Only Memory): It is a non-volatile memory. This read-only memory is modifiable, Non-volatile memory stores information even when there is a power supply failed/ interrupted/stopped. ROM is used to store information that is used to operate the system. As its name refers to read-only memory, we can only read the programs and data that is stored on it. It contains some electronic fuses that can be programmed for a piece of specific information. The information stored in the ROM in binary format.

It is also known as permanent memory.

ROM is of four types:

MROM (Masked ROM), PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

 

2. Secondary Memory

It is also known as auxiliary memory and backup memory. It is a non-volatile memory and used to store a large amount of data or information. The data or information stored in secondary memory is permanent, and it is slower than primary memory. A CPU cannot access secondary memory directly. The data/information from the auxiliary memory is first transferred to the main memory, and then the CPU can access it.

Computer system can run without secondary memory. In secondary memory, data is stored permanently even when the power is off.


Types of Secondary Memory

     Magnetic Tapes, Magnetic Disks, and Optical Disks



3. Cache Memory

It is a type of high-speed semiconductor memory that can help the CPU run faster. Between the CPU and the main memory, it serves as a buffer. It is used to store the data and programs that the CPU uses the most frequently.

 

WHY COMPUTER SYSTEM NEEDS MEMORY TO OPERATE

A Computer needs memory to operate because it provides a temporary storage space for data, instructions and applications. Here are some essential reasons:

1.     Temporary Storage

2.     Instruction Execution

3.     Data Processing

4.     Application Running

5.     Performance Optimization

6.     Multitasking

7.     Operating System Functionality

 

WHEN CAN THE COMPUTER SYSTEM ACESSS THE COMPUTER MEMORY

Computer memory can be accessed when a program is opened and loaded into the primary memory. This is done to allow the program to communicate with the processor more quickly. When a program is opened, it is moved from secondary storage to primary memory. The primary memory is the immediate-access memory, which is used to store program code and data. The CPU sends data to the RAM or caches to handle routines in a logical order. Once a program is closed, all of its data is removed from the RAM to free up memory for the next program.

 

HOW DOES COMPUTER MEMORY WORK?

When you open a program, it is loaded from secondary memory into primary memory, this is because primary storage is accessed more quickly, and the opened software can connect with the computer’s processor more quickly. The primary memory is readily accessible from temporary memory slots or other storage sites.                                                                                                             

WHERE ARE THE COMPUTER MEMORY LOCATED

Computer memory (RAM) is located on the motherboard, which is the main circuit board inside a computer. The motherboard is the backbone of a computer, connecting all of its components. 

Cache is located within the CPU or on a separate chip

 



Friday, August 9, 2024

VLOOKUP PROJECT

 

PPROJECT BY MRS. BLESSING, SUCCESS AND ABRAHAM

VLOOKUP is a powerful function in Excel that searches for a value in the first column of a range (table or array) and returns a corresponding value in the same row from a specified column. The "V" in VLOOKUP stands for "Vertical," indicating that it searches vertically (downward) in a table.


VLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the first Colum of a table and returns a value in the same row from another Colum. to use it, type = Vlookup (“followed by the value to search for, the range of the table, the Colum number to return the value from, and the FALSE for an exact match. The “V” in vlookup stands for ‘’vertical’’, 

Indicating that it searches vertically (downward) in a table.

                                 How to write a VLOOKUP formula            

To write the VLOOKUP formula in cell F2, follow these steps:

1.     Type =VLOOKUP(

2.     Use cell E2 as the lookup value

3.     Select the range of cells B5:F17 which defines the table where the data is stored (the table array argument)

4.     Insert 5 as the col_index_number argument as we are looking to retrieve data from the 5th column from our table

5.     Choose Exact match for the match_type parameter. Remember, this corresponds to FALSE in our formula.

6.     Type ) and then press Enter to complete the VLOOKUP formula.

THE USE OF VLOOKUP FUNCTION SYNTAX & ARGUMENTS

There are four possible parts of this function:

=VLOOKUP (search valuelookup tablecolumn number, [approximate match] )

  • Search value is the value you're searching for. It must be in the first column of lookup table.
  • Lookup table is the range you're searching within. This includes search value.
  • Column number is the number that represents how many columns into lookup table, from the left, should be the column that VLOOKUP returns the value from.
  • Approximate match is optional and can be either TRUE or FALSE. It determines whether to find an exact match or an approximate match. When omitted, the default is TRUE, meaning it will find an approximate match.

 How to use VLOOKUP function in Excel

The first questions I hear from people are “how does VLOOKUP work?” and “how to do VLOOKUP?” The function retrieves a lookup value from a table array by matching the criteria in the first column. The lookup columns (the columns from where we want to retrieve data) must be placed to the right.

How to use Vlookup Formula

          I know that we have given you a formula before, but VLOOKUP have different formula so, this is the second one:

1)    Select a cell  ( F3 )

2)    Type (=VLOOKUP)

3)    Double Click the vlookup command

4)    Select the cell where search value will be entered ( B3 )

5)    Types(   ,   )

6)    Mark table range ( B2:D10 )

7)    Types(   ,   )

8)    Type the number of the column, counted from the left (  2  )

9)    Type true (  1  )

10)   Hit enter.

Let have a look at an example use the Vlookup. Function to find the Pokémon names based on their Id#:

STEP 1



STEP 2

STEP 3



STEP 4

STEP 5



T

he VLOOKUP function also has an optional fourth argument: range lookup. This can be either TRUE or FALSE. If the range lookup argument is FALSE, VLOOKUP will find only exact matches. If the range lookup argument is TRUE, or if a range lookup argument is not entered, VLOOKUP can find approximate matches. In this case, the lookup table must be sorted in ascending order by the first column in it; otherwise VLOOKUP may not return the correct value.

If the range lookup argument is TRUE or omitted and the lookup value does not appear in the first column of the lookup table, but falls between two values in it, Excel will use the lower of the two values. If the lookup value is smaller than any value in the first column of the lookup table, Excel returns an error message.

        The lookup value is the value for which you want to find matching data and must appear in the first column of the lookup table, it can be a value, a text string or a call reference.

           They use of vlookup when you need to find anything in a table or a range by row. For example vlookup a price of an automotive part by the part number, or find an employee name based on their employee ID  

 THANK YOU FOR READING.s



 

BEST COMPUTER GUIDE Written by Abigail Odenigbo, Published @ 2014 by NOBIGDEAL(Ipietoon)